If You Ask The Wrong Question You Will Get The Wrong Answer

“I need to get more scientific about site selection.  What software should I buy?”

Given the massive closings of stores since 2008, many chain store executives are asking this question today in order to avoid a repeat performance as they start growing again.

The problem is, it’s the wrong question!

About 20 years ago it dawned on me that most real estate investment decisions were made using gut feel fueled by the desire to close deals, often in the face of contrary evidence.  For those old enough to remember, this was in the wake of the late 1980’s Savings and Loan meltdown, which seemed like a pretty serious crash until the Subprime Mortgage debacle of 2008 (estimated cost $7.7 trillion versus $1.5 trillion for the S&L Crisis).

I set out to create software that would help decision-makers gain fast access to market knowledge and insights that would increase the financial performance of their investments (this seemed easier than making software that would reduce greed on Wall Street or incompetence in government).

It took me another 10 years to realize that I had underestimated the importance of the decision-making process itself!  The best tool is of no value in the wrong hands.  The selection of research and predictive analytics tools is actually the LAST step in the quest for better real estate decisions, which should follow these steps:

  1. Design the objectives and processes for decision-making
  2. Find the right people for the team
  3. Acquire the research and predictive analytics tools to support  the people and processes

Each of these steps is disruptive to an organization.  However, buying software is probably the least disruptive, so that’s where many companies choose to start! Gary Cokins, a veteran in the area of analytics and organizational change, says this:

“Organizations seem hesitant to adopt analytics. Is this due to evaluation paralysis or brain freeze? Most organizations make the mistake of believing that applying analytics is 90 percent math and 10 percent organizational change management with employee behavior alteration. In reality it is the other way around; it is more likely 5 percent math and 95 percent about people.” (source:  http://www.informs.org/ORMS-Today/Public-Articles/February-Volume-39-Number-1/Obstacle-course-for-analytics)

This explains why it is difficult to sell analytics, and it’s interesting to see how consultants and software vendors have adapted.  Here are some examples:

  1. If a company is not willing to significantly change its process, they will not get much value from predictive analytics.  Therefore, they won’t want to pay much for it because the ROI will not be sufficient.Hence, some vendors optimize their product offering to be inexpensive, which usually means reducing the quality of the modeling services and the software deliverable that contains the model.Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a cheap model that is also reliable.
  2. Some companies do not have the expertise in-house (at any level) to understand predictive analytics, which includes data quality, modeling methods, and the interpretation of results.In order to “meet the customers where they are,” some vendors create “black box” models with stunning graphics and user interfaces that insulate the customer from the messy, elusive realities of the complex retail marketplace.

    Although video games can be incredibly realistic, they are still not reality.

Everyone wants a quick, easy solution.  If you try to lose weight with diet pills, you’re not really dieting.  If you want to be more scientific about site selection, take the time to look at your decision-making processes, staffing, and finally, your predictive analytics tools.  Depending on the number of stores you are opening and the size of the investment, you might choose one of three approaches to making better real estate investment decisions:

  1. Hire a consulting firm to build a model and provide an overall market strategy and an analysis of each site that you are seriously considering.  If your level of activity is not high, this might be more cost-effective than creating an in-house staff and equipping them with the tools.
  2. Develop an in-house research team that can support the decision-making process, and provide them with models and tools built by outside firms who are experts in this highly specialized discipline.
  3. Start with outsourcing and gradually build an in-house capability over time as the economies of scale justify the investment in the fixed overhead of people and tools.

Mapping and reporting tools are very good and affordable today, and every company should have the ability to analyze markets and sites with these visualization tools and generate descriptive reports.

However, predictive analytics require much more expertise to build and use.  If you aren’t ready to change the way you work, and invest in proven modeling methods, save your money for when the time is right!

The Value Proposition for Chain Store Predictive Analytics

How many times have you seen a “Value Proposition” slide with statements like these?

  1. “We are experts in “best practices” in chain store real estate analytics and we can help you join the 21st century.”
  2. “Our scientists have developed proprietary algorithms and methods that produce the most accurate predictive models possible.”
  3. “Our technology platform will deliver user-friendly maps, reports, and sales forecasts to everyone in the enterprise who wants them; with a 90 day deployment.”

Why wouldn’t these value propositions of “better” and “faster” be compelling for everyone?

In theory, they would.  But every chain store company has a point of view about its real estate program, and if vendors don’t understand it, they will never sell them anything…that works!

Let’s flip this around and look at it from the viewpoint of the chain store real estate executives.  They will invest in predictive analytics when they see the value of a proposition, not the proposition of a value. 

Most companies have a “committee meeting” where real estate deals are considered and approved.  There is usually a representative from each of the departments that has a stake in the quality of a new store, which is all of them:  finance, merchandising, marketing, operations, and of course, real estate.  Do they lose sleep over “best practices?”  Are they fascinated with mathematical models?  Do they enjoy rolling out new software applications? NO, NO, NO!  They didn’t become senior executives by contemplating their navels and fantasizing about perfection.  They know how to get stuff done. Why do they even want to talk to a vendor who offers chain store predictive analytics?  

There are several possible reasons.  First, the end game is getting and satisfying customers.  The real estate strategy and program must clearly “map” to this goal.  That means that a store, restaurant, or service center should:

  • Be Convenient
  • Have what the customer wants
  • Make it fun and easy to fulfill their needs

Convenience is based on the location of the store, which includes what it’s near, its visibility, and its accessibility.  This is the focus of the real estate decision, and the profitability of a store is heavily dependent on location quality.  Anything that helps the chain acquire better locations is worth consideration, whether it’s data, software, training or predictive analytics.  Chances are that some combination of these things can contribute to better locations. The challenge is assessing the needs of the organization and designing a plan that blazes a clear path from the current situation to a desired state that increases the number of happy customers and drives profit.

At any given point in time, the executives in a company will have the ability to visualize a better state that is achievable from where they are.  The plan must be manageable over a one to two year period, because business must continue while changes are implemented.

The trick is to foster a dialogue that leads to a needs assessment, a game plan, and a set of expectations that represent a compelling return on investment.

What are the ingredients in such a plan?  It varies dramatically from company to company.  Here are some factors that influence the best approach to good real estate decisions:

  1. Breadth of customer profile.  If 80% of your sales come from girls between the ages of 14 and 18, you need to make sure that the trade area of a store has enough teenage girls.  If your customer could be anyone, successful stores might have many profiles, and the analytics required to figure this out are more tedious and complex.
  2. Size of the store.  If you are opening 50,000 square foot stores, you will be investing more capital, opening fewer units, and evaluating fewer opportunities, so you will be able to justify more field research.  This means that you don’t need to rely as much on screening tools and complex multi-user systems that are designed for fast decisions.  If you are opening 1,200 square foot stores, it’s about screening out the dog locations to allow enough time for the ones that deserve serious consideration.
  3. Format of the store.  Predictive models for enclosed malls are very different from models for open-air centers or street retail.  Malls are mostly about the quality and tenant mix of the mall, but open-air centers require a careful analysis of the trade area demographics and competitive landscape.
  4. Decision styles of senior executives.  Some companies place greater emphasis on quantitative analysis than others, and you can’t easily change this.  There are many winning combinations of people and tools, art and science, book smart and street smart.

Each chain store company has limited time and money to invest in store location decisions.  Predictive analytics that make a difference will be discovered through a dialogue among experts who know the business and the tools and are committed to working together to find the unique value proposition that maximizes ROI.

Predictive analytics can help increase average unit volumes significantly over time.  Here are some of the ways predictive analytics empower decision-makers to see more clearly:

  • Provide access to more facts to support judgments
  • Reveal patterns in the facts that create insights
  • Simulate decisions before actually executing them
  • Establish a common “language” of factors important to decision-making
  • Benchmarking with a checklist of factors to consider before making decisions
  • Visualization of facts and patterns as a catalyst for interactive exploration and discussion among decision-makers (e.g. “paperless” real estate committee meetings)
  • Maintaining an objective record of decision logic for learning and improvement

These are propositions of value, and when applied to a specific company, they may become part of a value proposition!

Here We Go Again

The economy is showing signs of perking up.

Although retail store closings are expected to continue at a strong pace in 2012 (see http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikamorphy/2011/12/31/2012-another-bad-year-for-store-closings/), many retailers and restaurants are staffing up for growth and looking for deals.

Is this the pregame warm-up for the next cycle of boom and bust?  Or maybe, just maybe, there’s a smarter, more disciplined group of decision-makers running the chain store companies today.

As I mentioned in an earlier post, the chain store industry doesn’t have well-defined best practices in real estate planning and site selection.  In order to begin a dialog on this subject I have created a “rubric” that describes various practices at different levels of effectiveness that can be used as a self-assessment tool for people in the chain store industry (click here for the Best Practices Rubric).

There are only nine items on the rubric, so you should be able to complete it in 5-10 minutes unless it causes you to think hard about what you’re doing, which would be a good thing!  Simply circle the description of the practice that best describes your business and when you’re done, add up the points as indicated at the top of each column.

The total points will range from 9 to 36, assuming you complete the rubric.  Based on my experience and exposure to chain store companies over the past 18 years, I would interpret the scores as follows:

0-15 points:  If you are still in business, it’s because you have smart, street-wise people              and probably aren’t doing very many deals each year.

16-20 points:  You are about average for the industry, which is OK if you don’t mind being average.  However, you won’t be able to stay average without improving, given the the struggling economy, growth of “omni-channel retailing” and the new breed of tech-savvy competitors.

21-27 points:  You know that you’re doing a good job because you have made a conscious decision to create good decision-making processes supported by good people and good tools.  You are already thinking about how to stay ahead of the game and work smart, not just hard.

28-36 points:  The business practices of your company are truly “best practices” and you represent the elite of the industry.  You might be reluctant to share what you do because you know that you have a serious competitive advantage.  However, you will probably talk about it anyway because of the positive energy that market leaders generate with employees, investors, customers, and partners.  We thank you for your leadership!

I look forward to your public and private comments on the rubric and the general subject of best practices in real estate planning and site selection.

Freedom through Structure: Optimizing Chain Store Real Estate Processes

You hear the complaints all the time.

“The field people only react to the deals that the brokers present to them.  They don’t take the market planners seriously when we target certain trade areas.”

“The analysts (aka “geeks” or “deal killers”) think they know everything because they have mapping and statistics programs.  They have no idea how the real world works.”

“I can’t open enough stores because the paperwork takes forever.  It’s easier to get a PhD than get a deal through our approval process.”

Is this just the way it has to be?  Dealmakers vs. analysts? People who drive sales and people who prevent sales?  Entrepreneurs vs. bureaucrats? Continue reading

The Three Biggest Mistakes in Retail Real Estate

Are you tired of hearing people use the phrase “location, location,location?”  It is an insult to both the speaker and the listener.  It’s like saying the most important thing in pro sports is winning, or that the most important outcome in investing is making money.

Now that we’ve survived another round of massive store closings and bankrupt retail and restaurant chains, let’s see if we can shed some light on the path forward for real estate planning and site selection.

I would argue that mistakes are made at three levels:  market selection, market planning, and site selection.  All three are critical to the success of a chain store real estate program and the types of mistakes that cause pain and death are different for each. Continue reading

Analytics vs Modeling: “Democratizing” Decision Support

Mistakes are expensive.  Everyone wants a model to help them avoid mistakes and repeat successes.

We want a good business model that provides a framework for success.  If the business model works and we stick with it, we will make money.

In the chain store business, we want to make good site selection decisions.  Avoid bad real estate; pay the right price for good real estate.  We want a sales forecasting model that will help us estimate the top line number to plug into our pro forma operating model for a store (which is based on our business model, of course). Continue reading

The Mysterious Origin of New Stores

In 2002 I was on a panel at the Retail Systems Show in Chicago which was a technology showcase for the retail industry.  The panel was focused on analytics and my topic was the use of predictive analytics in real estate planning and site selection.  I had already been at the show for a couple of days and after speaking with many CIOs, CTOs, and merchandising executives it became apparent that there was little interaction between the real estate department and the other areas of the business.

I started my presentation by telling the audience that I had come to the conclusion that “everyone outside of the real estate department thinks that stores just magically appear.” Continue reading

Will “Big Data” lead to “Big Answers” for Chain Store Operators?

One of the hottest topics in business analytics today is “big data,” defined by Wikipedia as “a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, manage, and process the data within a tolerable elapsed time.”

How big is “big data?”

Last year, consumers and businesses around the world are estimated to have stored more than 13 exabytes of information on PCs, laptops and other devices — the equivalent of more than 52,000 times the information housed in the Library of Congress. An exabyte is 1 followed by 18 zeros, or a billion gigabytes.  And the amount of data stored in such “technological memories” is growing 25 percent a year, said Martin Hilbert, a researcher at the University of Southern California.  These were some of the estimates shared at the The Economist Big Data Conference last June in Santa Clara, CA. (for complete story see http://pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_745039.html). Continue reading

Effective Training: If It Was Easy Everyone Would Be Doing It

I have become obsessed with the realization that chain store operators are leaving billions of dollars of sales on the table by failing to properly train and develop their talent in the real estate teams (total sales of US retail establishments is around $4 trillion according to the 2007 Economic Census published in 2009).

Why is this?  Laziness?  Ignorance?  I don’t think so.  Some of the most clever AND street-wise people I’ve ever met are senior executives in chain store companies.  I think that the training challenge is relatively new and requires adapting to new market conditions.  It’s the natural evolution of the chain store business.  Sears built an empire with selection (“Sears Has Everything”).  Wal-Mart revolutionized retailing with their supply chain management.  Apple has seemingly cornered the market on “cool” and “easy.”  Here are some of the driving factors that have increased the priority of training from low-moderate to high: Continue reading

Doers and Viewers: Division of Labor in Real Estate Research

After 3 ½ weeks, my blog page called “Site Selection Surprises:  Stories from the Field,” has more than twice the average page views of the other blog articles.  What’s so compelling about this article?  The stated purpose of the page is to provide a forum for chain store real estate dealmakers and analysts to share stories of success and failure in order to build our experience base for evaluating future deals.  Makes sense, who wouldn’t want that?

Continue reading