The Value Proposition for Chain Store Predictive Analytics

How many times have you seen a “Value Proposition” slide with statements like these?

  1. “We are experts in “best practices” in chain store real estate analytics and we can help you join the 21st century.”
  2. “Our scientists have developed proprietary algorithms and methods that produce the most accurate predictive models possible.”
  3. “Our technology platform will deliver user-friendly maps, reports, and sales forecasts to everyone in the enterprise who wants them; with a 90 day deployment.”

Why wouldn’t these value propositions of “better” and “faster” be compelling for everyone?

In theory, they would.  But every chain store company has a point of view about its real estate program, and if vendors don’t understand it, they will never sell them anything…that works!

Let’s flip this around and look at it from the viewpoint of the chain store real estate executives.  They will invest in predictive analytics when they see the value of a proposition, not the proposition of a value. 

Most companies have a “committee meeting” where real estate deals are considered and approved.  There is usually a representative from each of the departments that has a stake in the quality of a new store, which is all of them:  finance, merchandising, marketing, operations, and of course, real estate.  Do they lose sleep over “best practices?”  Are they fascinated with mathematical models?  Do they enjoy rolling out new software applications? NO, NO, NO!  They didn’t become senior executives by contemplating their navels and fantasizing about perfection.  They know how to get stuff done. Why do they even want to talk to a vendor who offers chain store predictive analytics?  

There are several possible reasons.  First, the end game is getting and satisfying customers.  The real estate strategy and program must clearly “map” to this goal.  That means that a store, restaurant, or service center should:

  • Be Convenient
  • Have what the customer wants
  • Make it fun and easy to fulfill their needs

Convenience is based on the location of the store, which includes what it’s near, its visibility, and its accessibility.  This is the focus of the real estate decision, and the profitability of a store is heavily dependent on location quality.  Anything that helps the chain acquire better locations is worth consideration, whether it’s data, software, training or predictive analytics.  Chances are that some combination of these things can contribute to better locations. The challenge is assessing the needs of the organization and designing a plan that blazes a clear path from the current situation to a desired state that increases the number of happy customers and drives profit.

At any given point in time, the executives in a company will have the ability to visualize a better state that is achievable from where they are.  The plan must be manageable over a one to two year period, because business must continue while changes are implemented.

The trick is to foster a dialogue that leads to a needs assessment, a game plan, and a set of expectations that represent a compelling return on investment.

What are the ingredients in such a plan?  It varies dramatically from company to company.  Here are some factors that influence the best approach to good real estate decisions:

  1. Breadth of customer profile.  If 80% of your sales come from girls between the ages of 14 and 18, you need to make sure that the trade area of a store has enough teenage girls.  If your customer could be anyone, successful stores might have many profiles, and the analytics required to figure this out are more tedious and complex.
  2. Size of the store.  If you are opening 50,000 square foot stores, you will be investing more capital, opening fewer units, and evaluating fewer opportunities, so you will be able to justify more field research.  This means that you don’t need to rely as much on screening tools and complex multi-user systems that are designed for fast decisions.  If you are opening 1,200 square foot stores, it’s about screening out the dog locations to allow enough time for the ones that deserve serious consideration.
  3. Format of the store.  Predictive models for enclosed malls are very different from models for open-air centers or street retail.  Malls are mostly about the quality and tenant mix of the mall, but open-air centers require a careful analysis of the trade area demographics and competitive landscape.
  4. Decision styles of senior executives.  Some companies place greater emphasis on quantitative analysis than others, and you can’t easily change this.  There are many winning combinations of people and tools, art and science, book smart and street smart.

Each chain store company has limited time and money to invest in store location decisions.  Predictive analytics that make a difference will be discovered through a dialogue among experts who know the business and the tools and are committed to working together to find the unique value proposition that maximizes ROI.

Predictive analytics can help increase average unit volumes significantly over time.  Here are some of the ways predictive analytics empower decision-makers to see more clearly:

  • Provide access to more facts to support judgments
  • Reveal patterns in the facts that create insights
  • Simulate decisions before actually executing them
  • Establish a common “language” of factors important to decision-making
  • Benchmarking with a checklist of factors to consider before making decisions
  • Visualization of facts and patterns as a catalyst for interactive exploration and discussion among decision-makers (e.g. “paperless” real estate committee meetings)
  • Maintaining an objective record of decision logic for learning and improvement

These are propositions of value, and when applied to a specific company, they may become part of a value proposition!

“What if” – Moving from Realistic to Real

Chain store companies are increasing their use of predictive analytics in many areas including market optimization, sales forecasting, direct marketing, and localization of product offerings.

The value of simulating decision outcomes before investing financial and human resources is compelling.  Therefore, much attention has been focused on algorithms and user interfaces that make it possible for analysts and executives to compare alternatives using “what if” scenarios.

So here’s a big fat “WHAT IF”:  what if the data that are used in the models are not accurate?  What if the location of your existing stores or competitors don’t reflect “ground truth?”  The answer is, you will get maps, reports, and sales forecasts that appear REALISTIC but they are not REAL.

After years of resistance, chain store executives are becoming eager to use more “science” in the planning and evaluation of store locations.  What does “science” mean in the context of a complex system like the retail marketplace?  It’s certainly not a set of well-defined cause and effect relationships that can be predicted with precision, such as the movement of the planets.

A better description would be “fact-based” decision-making, which means capturing relevant and accurate data about the marketplace and inferring conditions that are favorable for the operation of chain stores.  These facts include trade area demographics, proximity of sister stores and competitors, and the quality of the site.  It is certainly possible to create mathematical models that simulate the interaction of these factors in order to forecast sales, but the ultimate decision to approve an investment requires the experience and judgment of experts who use modeled estimates with other sources of facts and opinions.

Regardless of the specific approach to making decisions, if the “facts” are not accurate, mistakes can happen.  Models will generate inaccurate estimates, and experts could be misled by maps or reports that have existing stores or competitors in the wrong locations.

Image

It’s not easy to capture and validate accurate location information, especially when the database covers a large geographic area such as the entire US.  When you are designing decision support systems that rely upon these data, invest in content and processes that will make your software and models give you reliable answers.

Here are some of the keys to good data quality:

  1. Research the sources of content including demographic data and business locations and compile a list that compares the quality and price so that you can find the right combination for your needs.  Some data sources are VERY expensive and not a lot better than some that are more affordable.  Others are VERY cheap, but you get what you pay for.
  2. Design a process for getting your staff to update and correct business locations when they find differences between maps or reports and what’s in the real world.  Sometimes it’s necessary to designate a “chief editor” for changes to make sure that locations are not duplicated or changed incorrectly (e.g. new longitude coordinate is missing the negative sign).
  3. Select a software platform that allows you to make the changes yourself rather than relying upon a vendor to change them.  Ideally you should be able to have changes synchronized across all platforms and devices, whether desktop, web browser, or mobile (eg smartphone or iPad).
  4. When you are getting ready to spend a lot of time on a market plan or site evaluation, spend extra time validating the locations (existing stores, traffic generators and competitors) in that area.  It’s not practical to try to validate the entire US at once, with the exception of your own store locations.

ImageYour models, maps, and reports will only be as good as your data.  Before you spend $100,000 or more on a system to support your real estate planning and site selection, make sure that you are powering it with good fuel!

Decision Support Systems for Chain Store Real Estate

During the past year, the Chain Store Advisors blog has covered a variety of topics under the broad rubric of real estate planning and site selection.  Many of these ideas have been combined in a white paper released last month called “A New Approach to Best Practices in Real Estate Planning and Site Selection.” Sounds like a typical boring white paper title, but don’t be fooled!  The “new approach to best practices” is really a rejection of the very idea of best practices in chain store real estate analytics.

There are best practices for simple tasks and information systems such as backing up your data or verifying the accuracy of your locations.  However, for situations and systems that are complex such as the retail marketplace, it is impossible to create standardized methods and practices because the “cause and effect” relationships between things are too hard to predict and they are constantly changing.  A phrase used by people in complex systems theory is “emergent practices,” which describes ways of approaching and solving problems based on recurring patterns in data and collaborative decision-making.  Some of these approaches are described in the white paper. Continue reading

Climbing the Stairway to Wisdom

There’s a broker who’s sure that all sites turn to gold
And she’s selling the stairway to heaven.
When she gets there she knows, if the sites are all sold
There’s a vacancy coming to save her.
And she’s selling the stairway to heaven. 

– Led Zeppelin (adapted)

One of the popular metaphors for decision-making in the information age is the “Knowledge Hierarchy.”  It is based on the idea that we start with raw data and gradually process it through stages until it becomes wisdom suitable for making good choices.

Some people apply this to professional development over the career of a chain store real estate executive.  When you’re young, you simply see data, but as you get more experience and insight, you are able to use your wisdom to evaluate sites.

The fact is, each site must be evaluated through a process that starts with raw data that is enhanced with verification, context, and benchmarks until it is ready for the application of human wisdom. 

The human brain uses pattern recognition and analogies to analyze complex decisions.  This is why “analog stores” are popular in site selection.  If we can find existing stores that are similar to a proposed location, we can adjust the details and apply our knowledge of its sales performance to the new site. Continue reading

What Gets Measured Gets Done

Everyone knows the value proposition for chain store real estate research:

“If you avoid closing one or two stores it pays for itself.”

So why are people so hesitant to invest in analysts, predictive analytics, and information systems to support better real estate planning and site selection?

I’ve been asking this question for nearly 20 years, and I think I’m finally beginning to see the answer.

It’s about measurement.

Here’s how the argument goes:

Summary (simplified):  If we invest in better research, we can use a predictive model to estimate sales performance for proposed sites.  If we know the population and income of the trade area, the distance to our competitors, and the quality of the site, we can use the weighting factors in the model to calculate the sales potential.  We’ve heard that it’s possible to have a model where the estimate will be +/-  20% reliable at least 80% of the time.  In the past we have only been +/- 20% correct 65% of the time.

Therefore, the avoidance of bad stores alone will more than cover the investment in people and tools to build and use the predictive model. Continue reading

Chain Store Planning: The Missing Link

The 4 P’s of Marketing (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) have been around since the 1950’s.  For chain store operators, PLACE is more critical than for other types of businesses.

A better term for PLACE is DISTRIBUTION, but of course it starts with “D,” so it never made it into the 4 P’s.  DISTRIBUTION is a term used to describe what is commonly called “the supply chain” and the facilities involved in distribution are “the supply chain network.”  These facilities include factories, distribution centers, and retail stores. Continue reading

Do We Have Industry Standard Practices in Retail Real Estate?

Why does any industry have standard practices?  Every business is different, even within an industry, so what’s the point of trying to standardize?

Industry standard practices are a lot like the rules in a game.  They provide a systematic, consistent, and proven framework within which the players develop their strategies and exercise their skills.  Having rules doesn’t make you a winner, but they make it possible to become a winner by promoting the following competitive strengths: Continue reading

Analytics vs Modeling: “Democratizing” Decision Support

Mistakes are expensive.  Everyone wants a model to help them avoid mistakes and repeat successes.

We want a good business model that provides a framework for success.  If the business model works and we stick with it, we will make money.

In the chain store business, we want to make good site selection decisions.  Avoid bad real estate; pay the right price for good real estate.  We want a sales forecasting model that will help us estimate the top line number to plug into our pro forma operating model for a store (which is based on our business model, of course). Continue reading

Anatomy of a Coffee Purchase

A mathematician is a device for turning coffee into theorems.  -Paul Erdos

We have a natural tendency to oversimplify things because it’s easier to make sense of simple things than complex things.  The map on the right represents the simplest view of the relationship between a store and its customers.  The two-mile radius around the store is a reasonable estimate of the trade area for the store, which means that most of the customers will be inside the circle.  If this is true 90% of the time, we don’t care about the details of how customers make their choices.  But what if only 70% of the customers actually are in the circle? 60%? 40%? At some point we have to consider a more complex set of factors that determine our true trade area and whether it contains enough potential customers to make a store successful. Continue reading

Real Estate Research Knows the Score!

I just got back from the annual research conference of ICSC (International Council of Shopping Centers) in San Diego.  It was the same bunch of people with a few new faces, but the topics and conversations were very different!

Three years ago everyone was sighing with relief that online sales were not completely replacing bricks and mortar stores.  Social media was the personal ads in the local underground newspaper.  Web-based demographics and reporting were designed for running trade area reports in your hotel room.

This conference is clear evidence that the real estate research profession is keeping up with the changes in the marketplace!  First of all, hats off to the program committee that developed the topics and arranged the presenters.  I found myself having a morning conversation with one viewpoint and an evening conversation with a very different viewpoint!

There were three major takeaways from this conference:

  1. Most companies are trying to move real estate research tools to the web and provide access to dealmakers.  This was clear in the “Best Practices” session and the game plan is not just to provide maps and demographics, but analytics as well!  The need for “a single version of the truth” in data management was a recurring theme.
  2. Social media are generating critical data about the “voice of the customer” and changing the way we look at customer profiling, marketing, and merchandising.
  3. The bricks and mortar store is no longer the only way that shoppers can have a powerful shopping experience with the merchandise.  High bandwidth on computers and mobile devices (including tablets) are making it possible to create rich virtual applications such as Me-tail (http://metail.co.uk/how-it-works/) that will continue to feed the growth and market share of online sales.
It’s amazing to look at the last 20 years in the real estate research profession and compare the rate of change in practices and trends in the past three years to the previous 17 years.  However, I’m very pleased to see that the more senior members of the group are not being stubborn and sentimental about the past, but embracing the exciting changes and reinventing their practices to be useful and relevant.  Maybe it’s driven by concerns about job security, since many of us will be working into our 70’s to pay off college loans.  Or maybe we realize that technology may change the way we do things at an unprecedented pace, but the “art” of real estate planning and site selection is based on experience, and we will all have more of that as we get older!
Stay thirsty, my friends.